抗震救灾过程中人才聚集效应探析——以汶川8.0级地震和玉树7.1级地震为例

人才聚集效应是人才聚集现象从量变到质变的过程,是在一定的时间和空间范围内,在和谐环境下,相关人才按照一定的相互联系相对集中在一起产生超过各自独立作用的效用。在汶川8.0级地震和青海玉树7.1级地震的抗震救灾过程中,人才聚集效应发挥了不可磨灭的作用,无数的生命被及时挽救,巨大的灾情得到有效的缓解。综合"物理空间"和"虚拟空间"两个角度,从人才规模、人才配置和激励因素等方面,就我国抗震救灾中人才聚集效应的发挥进行了研究,为人才聚集效应理论提供借鉴。     

Oil and gas potential assessment for coal measure source rocks on absolute concentration of n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons

From the viewpoint of environmental remote-sensing applications, this article explains the overall technical characteristics of the Chinese HJ-1A and HJ-1B satellites. It also investigates the spectral characteristics and potential applications of charge-coupled devices, and the infrared and hyperspectral data obtained by the satellites. Examples of applications, such as the remote-sensing monitoring of algal bloom in Taihu Lake, straw burning in southern China, and aerosol optical depth in the area around Bohai sea are presented. These examples illustrate the application characteristics of the HJ-1A and HJ-1B satellite data.     

Genetic features of gas-condensate reservoirs in the Kekeya Field,southwest depression in the Tarim Basin,China

Oils, condensates and natural gases in the Kekeya Field, southeast depression of the Tarim Basin were studied for their geochemical characteristics. According to the distribution analysis of the C₂/C₃ values with C₁/C₂ values, C₂/C₃ values with C₁/C₃ values, as well as C₂/C₃ values with dryness index, there are two different types of natural gases in the studied field, which are spatially regularly distributed. One is the oil cracking gas, located on shallow reservoirs over X ²₅ reservoir, namely Upper oil legs; the other is kerogen cracking gas, located on X ²₇ reservoirs, X₈ reservoirs and E₂ k reservoirs, namely Lower oil legs. In addition, the distribution patterns of molar concentration of oils and condensates with different carbon numbers of the n-alkanes in the Kekeya Field indicate that the crude oils have experienced several kinds of secondary alterations, which were closely related to the charging of gaseous hydrocarbons after petroleum accumulation. These results indicate that, based on the research of δ ¹³C values of individual hydrocarbons, heptane values and isoheptane values of light hydrocarbons and aromatic maturity parameters for oils, condensates and natural gases, oils and gases were charged at different geological time in the Kekeya Field.

     

Temporal dynamics of phytoplankton communities in a semi-enclosed mariculture pond and their responses to environmental factors

Variations in physical-chemical factors, species composition, abundance and biomass of nano- and micro-phytoplankton assemblages, as well as their responses to environmental factors, were investigated over a complete cycle (6 months) in a semi-enclosed shrimp-farming pond near Qingdao, northern China. The aim was to establish the temporal patterns of phytoplankton communities and to evaluate protists as suitable bioindicators to water quality in mariculture systems. A total of 34 taxa with nine dominant species were identified, belonging to six taxonomic groups (dinoflagellates, diatoms, cryptophyceans, chlorophyceans, euglenophyceans and chrysophyceans). A single peak of protist abundance occurred in October, mainly due to chlorophyceans, diatoms and chrysophyceans. Two biomass peaks in July and October were primarily due to dinoflagellates and diatoms. Temporal patterns of the phytoplankton communities significantly correlated with the changes in nutrients, temperature and pH, especially phosphate, either alone or in combination with NO₃-N and NH₃-N. Species diversity, evenness and richness indices were clearly correlated with water temperature and/or salinity, whereas the biomass/abundance ratio showed a significant correlation with NO₃-N. The results suggest that phytoplankton are potentially useful bioindicators to water quality in semi-enclosed mariculture systems.     

华夏家谱GIS的数据组织与系统架构

华夏文明源远流长,家谱、正史与方志共同构成了中华文明史的三个重要成分,其中,家谱以家族中的个人信息为基本记录单元,以人与人之间的关系为框架,形成了富有中国特色的对家族从空间分布到时间演化的完整描述体系,家谱资料的蕴含信息和记录粒度是其他历史资料所不能比拟的。家谱GIS扩展了现有家谱信息描述的概念,通过强化其中蕴含的空间信息,以家族谱系为基础,在空间信息技术的支持下,重构个人的空间活动,重现一个家族的兴衰、繁衍与变迁,实现从宏观到微观角度家族历史的全面地反映。本文分析了家谱与GIS的关系,提出了家谱GIS构建所必须的统一的历史地理时空描述框架;在此基础上分析了家谱中信息的组织模式,设计了的家谱的核心数据模型;在Web2.0理念下,以公众参与的开放式系统构建为基础,设计了家谱GIS的系统架构并进行了系统实现。     

地图概括中空间目标几何信息传递模型研究

地图概括是实现多比例尺地图生产和更新的一种重要理论方法。目前,国际国内制图学界对地图概括的研究主要集中在发展地图概括算法方面,在地图概括的质量评价方面的研究还很少。为此,本文以信息论为理论基础,以地图概括中空间目标几何信息的传递问题为研究对象,以相应空间目标几何信息的传递效率来度量地图概括中单个空间目标的概括质量。首先,建立了地图概括的空间信息传递模型,描述不同比例尺地图之间空间信息的传递过程。进而提出了地图概括过程中空间目标(即:线和面目标)几何信息的传递模型,并且对地图概括中空间目标几何信息的传递状况进行了评估,给出了具体的计算和实现方法。最后,通过实验初步验证了地图概括中空间目标几何信息传递模型的可行性。     

Blasius方程中临界值的分析估计

证明了流体力学边界层理论中著名的Blasius方程的一个新性质,它在二维平板流的研究中具有重要的作用,由此建立它的积分形式,并给出方程中的临界值βc的分析估计。     

不同土地利用下岩溶水系统水化学日动态强度小波分析

土地利用/覆被变化会使岩溶水系统演化的化学驱动能——土壤CO2量发生变化,进而使得岩溶水系统的水化学日动态变化强度发生变化。小波分析方法可以有效识别岩溶水系统的水化学日动态变化强度,并给出定量化的指标。通过对亚热带季风气候区的贵州省陈旗、灯盏河与板寨岩溶水系统长达2年的水文水化学监测数据进行小波分析,发现有土壤覆盖但土地利用程度较高的岩溶水系统(陈旗和灯盏河),其排泄点水化学指标中CO2分压日动态强度要高于植被覆盖良好但岩石裸露的岩溶水系统(板寨)排泄点,说明岩溶水系统中土壤对水化学日动态强度的调控有着关键的作用。这一发现对于正确理解和评价不同土地利用下的岩溶作用及其碳汇强度差异有着重要的意义。     

分层土中水泥土围护结构抗倾覆验算方法的改进

推导了分层土中水泥土围护结构抗倾覆稳定系数计算公式,提出了改进的计算方法,研究了土层分层结构对水泥土围护结构抗倾覆稳定系数的影响。土层上软下硬时,水泥土围护结构抗倾覆稳定系数分别随着墙体宽度与入土深度的增加而增加。土层上硬下软时,增加墙体宽度对于提高抗倾覆稳定系数具有较好的效果,而增加墙体入土深度对于提高抗倾覆稳定系数作用不大,因为分层土中,水泥土围护结构抗倾覆稳定性主要依靠下部土体的被动土压力来维持,即抗倾覆稳定性主要受下层土体强度的影响。如将分层土参数按厚度加权平均取值后作为均匀土对待,对上软下硬土层,该方法计算的抗倾覆稳定系数比分层方法得到的小,偏于保守;而对上硬下软土层,该方法计算的抗倾覆稳定系数比分层方法得到的大,存在安全隐患。改进方法与常规计算方法对比表明,其计算结果更为安全合理     

简化接触模型的月壤离散元数值分析

根据月壤其颗粒级配可归类于粉质砂土。针对真实月壤所处的环境（无水、低重力场、低气压等）,将Perko等2001年提出的月壤颗粒间的范德华力植入离散元分析软件PFC2D中,模拟了刚性边界下加入该模型与未加该模型试样的双轴压缩试验,研究了颗粒间范德华力对试样的宏观力学特性与微观颗粒接触的影响。结果表明,颗粒间的范德华力对试样的抗剪强度、体应变以及颗粒平均配位数都有显著的影响